CVE-2025-45691: Vibrantlabsai Ragas server-side request forgery (SSRF) (CVSS 7.5)

Description

An Arbitrary File Read vulnerability exists in the ImageTextPromptValue class in Exploding Gradients RAGAS v0.2.3 to v0.2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper validation and sanitization of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs.

CVSS 3.1 breakdown

Attack vectorNetwork

Attack complexityLow

Privileges requiredNone

User interactionNone

ScopeUnchanged

ConfidentialityHigh

IntegrityNone

AvailabilityNone

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Affected products

Vibrantlabsai Ragas≥ 0.2.3 ≤ 0.2.14

Remediation

No fixed version is recorded in the NVD data. Check the vendor advisory for the latest guidance.

Patch & vendor advisories

References

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-45691
https://adithyanak.com/ragas-v0214-arbitrary-file-read-vulnerabilityExploitThird Party Advisory
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2444875
https://github.com/explodinggradients/ragas/blob/e97886ac976465efb60e5949c5d69baf30cc811d/src/ragas/prompt/multi_modal_prompt.py#L202Product
https://github.com/explodinggradients/ragas/pull/1559ExploitIssue TrackingPatch
https://github.com/vibrantlabsai/ragas/pull/1991ExploitIssue TrackingPatchVendor Advisory
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-45691.json

Related CVEs

Recent high-severity vulnerabilities sharing a weakness type.

Frequently asked

Is CVE-2025-45691 being actively exploited?

CVE-2025-45691 is not in the CISA KEV catalog. A public exploit reference exists, so treat it as exploitable. Its EPSS exploit probability is 0.55%.

How severe is CVE-2025-45691?

CVE-2025-45691 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5, rated high. EPSS estimates a 0.55% probability of exploitation.

Which products are affected by CVE-2025-45691?

Affected products include Vibrantlabsai Ragas.

How do I fix CVE-2025-45691?

Apply the vendor's patch or advisory guidance, then verify no affected versions remain across your devices.

How Secuno handles this

Secuno correlates vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-45691 against the real software inventory on every managed device, as each hourly inventory arrives. Rather than a static severity, each match is scored in context: exploit availability, EPSS, the asset's exposure, and business criticality decide where it lands in the queue. If an affected version is present anywhere across your portfolio, it surfaces automatically with a prioritised remediation path.

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