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CVE-2025-54490

Libbiosig buffer overflow

9.8 CRITICALPublic exploitEPSS 0.68%
  1. Published25 Aug 2025

Description

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 9090 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 64: else if (tag==64) //0x40 { // preamble char tmp[256]; // [1] curPos += ifread(tmp,1,len,hdr); In this case, the overflowed buffer is the newly-declared `tmp` \[1\] instead of `buf`. While `tmp` is larger than `buf`, having a size of 256 bytes, a stack overflow can still occur in cases where `len` is encoded using multiple octets and is greater than 256.

CVSS 3.1 breakdown

Attack vectorNetwork
Attack complexityLow
Privileges requiredNone
User interactionNone
ScopeUnchanged
ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityHigh
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

Libbiosig< 3.9.1

Remediation

Fixed in
Libbiosig≥ 3.9.1

References

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Frequently asked

Is CVE-2025-54490 being actively exploited?

CVE-2025-54490 is not in the CISA KEV catalog. A public exploit reference exists, so treat it as exploitable. Its EPSS exploit probability is 0.68%.

How severe is CVE-2025-54490?

CVE-2025-54490 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, rated critical. EPSS estimates a 0.68% probability of exploitation.

Which products are affected by CVE-2025-54490?

Affected products include Libbiosig.

How do I fix CVE-2025-54490?

Upgrade affected software to a fixed version, for example Libbiosig 3.9.1 or later, then confirm no affected versions remain in your inventory.

How Secuno handles this

Secuno correlates vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-54490 against the real software inventory on every managed device, every day. Rather than a static severity, each match is scored in context: exploit availability, EPSS, the asset's exposure, and business criticality decide where it lands in the queue. If an affected version is present anywhere across your portfolio, it surfaces automatically with a prioritised remediation path.

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Data from the NVD, CISA KEV catalog and FIRST EPSS. CVSS 3.1 base score shown where available.