CVE-2025-9312: Wso2 API Manager authentication bypass (CVSS 9.8)

Description

A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication. Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.

CVSS 3.1 breakdown

Attack vectorNetwork

Attack complexityLow

Privileges requiredNone

User interactionNone

ScopeUnchanged

ConfidentialityHigh

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

Wso2 API Control Plane4.5.0

Wso2 API Manager2.2.0 · 2.5.0 · 2.6.0 · 3.0.0

Wso2 Identity Server5.10.0 · 5.11.0 · 5.2.0 · 5.3.0

Wso2 Identity Server As Key Manager5.10.0 · 5.3.0 · 5.5.0 · 5.6.0

Wso2 Open Banking Am1.4.0 · 1.5.0 · 2.0.0

Wso2 Open Banking Iam2.0.0

Wso2 Open Banking Km1.4.0 · 1.5.0

Wso2 Traffic Manager4.5.0

Wso2 Universal Gateway4.5.0

Remediation

No fixed version is recorded in the NVD data. Check the vendor advisory for the latest guidance.

Patch & vendor advisories

https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-4494/

References

https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-4494/Vendor Advisory

Related CVEs

Recent high-severity vulnerabilities sharing a weakness type.

Frequently asked

Is CVE-2025-9312 being actively exploited?

CVE-2025-9312 is not in the CISA KEV catalog. Its EPSS exploit probability is 0.24%.

How severe is CVE-2025-9312?

CVE-2025-9312 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8, rated critical. EPSS estimates a 0.24% probability of exploitation.

Which products are affected by CVE-2025-9312?

Affected products include Wso2 API Control Plane, Wso2 API Manager, Wso2 Identity Server, Wso2 Identity Server As Key Manager, Wso2 Open Banking Am, and 4 more.

How do I fix CVE-2025-9312?

Apply the vendor's patch or advisory guidance, then verify no affected versions remain across your devices.

How Secuno handles this

Secuno correlates vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-9312 against the real software inventory on every managed device, as each hourly inventory arrives. Rather than a static severity, each match is scored in context: exploit availability, EPSS, the asset's exposure, and business criticality decide where it lands in the queue. If an affected version is present anywhere across your portfolio, it surfaces automatically with a prioritised remediation path.

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