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CVE-2025-9905

Keras vulnerability

7.3 HIGHPublic exploitEPSS 0.22%
  1. Published19 Sept 2025

Description

The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .h5/.hdf5 model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special .h5 archive file that uses the Lambda layer feature of keras which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. The vulnerability comes from the fact that the safe_mode=True option is not honored when reading .h5 archives. Note that the .h5/.hdf5 format is a legacy format supported by Keras 3 for backwards compatibility.

CVSS 3.1 breakdown

Attack vectorLocal
Attack complexityLow
Privileges requiredLow
User interactionRequired
ScopeUnchanged
ConfidentialityHigh
IntegrityHigh
AvailabilityHigh
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

Keras≥ 3.0.0 < 3.11.3

Remediation

Fixed in
Keras≥ 3.11.3

References

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Frequently asked

Is CVE-2025-9905 being actively exploited?

CVE-2025-9905 is not in the CISA KEV catalog. A public exploit reference exists, so treat it as exploitable. Its EPSS exploit probability is 0.22%.

How severe is CVE-2025-9905?

CVE-2025-9905 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.3, rated high. EPSS estimates a 0.22% probability of exploitation.

Which products are affected by CVE-2025-9905?

Affected products include Keras.

How do I fix CVE-2025-9905?

Upgrade affected software to a fixed version, for example Keras 3.11.3 or later, then confirm no affected versions remain in your inventory.

How Secuno handles this

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Data from the NVD, CISA KEV catalog and FIRST EPSS. CVSS 3.1 base score shown where available.