CVE-2026-41523

Vllm code injection

7.5 HIGHPublic exploitEPSS 0.91%

Published22 Jun 2026

Description

vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.

CVSS 3.1 breakdown

Attack vectorNetwork

Attack complexityHigh

Privileges requiredNone

User interactionRequired

ScopeUnchanged

ConfidentialityHigh

IntegrityHigh

AvailabilityHigh

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Affected products

Vllm< 0.22.0

Remediation

Fixed in

Vllm≥ 0.22.0

Patch & vendor advisories

https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/b3c7ffcab82c2439726f8cb213800f6f38c023d3

References

and 10 more references

Related CVEs

Recent high-severity vulnerabilities sharing a weakness type.

Frequently asked

Is CVE-2026-41523 being actively exploited?

CVE-2026-41523 is not in the CISA KEV catalog. A public exploit reference exists, so treat it as exploitable. Its EPSS exploit probability is 0.91%.

How severe is CVE-2026-41523?

CVE-2026-41523 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5, rated high. EPSS estimates a 0.91% probability of exploitation.

Which products are affected by CVE-2026-41523?

Affected products include Vllm.

How do I fix CVE-2026-41523?

Upgrade affected software to a fixed version, for example Vllm 0.22.0 or later, then confirm no affected versions remain in your inventory.

How Secuno handles this

Secuno correlates vulnerabilities like CVE-2026-41523 against the real software inventory on every managed device, every day. Rather than a static severity, each match is scored in context: exploit availability, EPSS, the asset's exposure, and business criticality decide where it lands in the queue. If an affected version is present anywhere across your portfolio, it surfaces automatically with a prioritised remediation path.

See how prioritisation works Book a demo

Data from the NVD, CISA KEV catalog and FIRST EPSS. CVSS 3.1 base score shown where available.